The Effects Of Smoking During Breastfeeding On Children

Smoking during breastfeeding affects a lot to the health of your baby as the smoke favors the occurrence of respiratory diseases and increases the risk of sudden death. During pregnancy, often you hear how harmful smoking is to the development of your baby. Premature birth, low birth weight, and disorders in their respiratory system are just some of the negative effects. Once your child is born and the process of breastfeeding starts, this article will help you immensely with its recommendations and advice. A Danish study showed that mothers who smoke may be diminished in their transportation capacity of iodine, which can affect the breastfed baby. During the breastfeeding, the infant’s thyroid function depends on the amount of iodine in the breast milk, which is why smoking predisposes the presence of problems in the brain development of children. It is also a known fact that smoking reduces the body s ability to absorb some vitamins and minerals. Given this scenario, many smoking mothers who were unable to quit smoking during pregnancy, choose not to breastfeed their babies due to psychological factors or social pressures. Some of them initiate breastfeeding but then interrupt find physiological problems related to smoke. Other mothers who stopped smoking during pregnancy choose to resume smoking because they cannot handle addiction and believe they should not smoke and breastfeed. However these options choose the alternative that the mother should always beShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect On Mothers During Pregnancy1383 Words   |  6 PagesCause and Effects on Mothers’ During Pregnancy Stress during pregnancy can cause developmental and emotional problems for offspring; it has been observed by behavioral and biological researchers, but the objective measuring and timing of that stress and its results are difficult to prove. It is important for women who plan on becoming pregnant in the future to know how to prevent unhealthy pregnancy. A healthy lifestyle during the prenatal period of pregnancy is a start to a healthy outcome forRead MoreThe Effects Of Pregnancy On Mothers During Pregnancy1376 Words   |  6 PagesCause/Effects on Mothers’ During Pregnancy Stress during pregnancy can cause developmental and emotional problems for offspring; it has been observed by behavioral and biological researchers, but the objective measuring and timing of that stress and its results are difficult to prove. It is important for women who plan on becoming pregnant in the future to know how to prevent unhealthy pregnancy. A healthy lifestyle during the prenatal period of pregnancy is a start to a healthy outcome for infantsRead MoreThe Importance Of A Woman Breastfeeding Her Baby Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated information and advice given by midwives aiding into making the right decision. The intention of this essay is to justify in depth the significance of a woman breastfeeding her baby, conducting the benefits of both perspectives of the mother and baby. These benefits will be established, outlining the reason as to why breastfeeding is more effective. This will be done by covering topics such as existing nutrients in breast milk, protection of infection and disease in an infant, the unique physicalRead MoreDiscrimination And Judgement Based On Their Gender, Class, And Race937 Words   |  4 Pagesapproximately 74.8%. The health of the infants born on the on-reserve locations are more of concern however, with an infant mortality rate of 6.6% and number of mothers that smoke during pregnan cy is about 50.5%. Health care providers specified that the cultural differences are huge barriers for Aboriginal women during their maternal stages. For example, there is a cultural belief that noting is bought for the newborn until they are born however, this can cause problems in off-reserve locations inRead MoreCorrelation Between Maternal Smoking And Overweight Among School Aged Children1267 Words   |  6 Pagesto examine associations between maternal smoking and overweight among school-aged children. The second objective was to identify mothers and offspring characteristics that affect children’s weight. It is expected that children of mothers who smoked 1 year before birth were likely to be overweight during school ages than those of mothers who never smoked. Sample Participants included a total of 8,986 mothers that gave birth in the research hospitals during sampling periods in 1991, and 5,416 (60%)Read MoreSmoking and Pregnancy Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of Smoking and Pregnancy William Franklin Stewart Marshall University January 19, 2010 Thesis Statement Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many adverse outcomes for children as well as negative consequences for child health and development. Maternal smoking late in pregnancy reduces birth weight and size. Babies that are born to habitual smokers weigh, on average, about 9 oz. less, and are shorter both at birth and in the years to come (Berger 115). Nicotine is the addictiveRead MoreFirst Nations And Inuit People Often Eat A Diet That Consists1734 Words   |  7 Pagesottawainuitchildrens.com/node/19). While country foods have been viable food sources traditionally, there is increasing concern about toxicants present in these foods and their potential effect on the health of people who consume them, particularly infants. The increased concern over the artic region is due to the amplified effect of climate change on the arctic ecological system. The arctic is warming twice as fast as the global average, which has altered ecological, physical, and chemical pathways withinRead MoreThe Positive Effect of High Quality Childcare on Childrens Cognitive Development1452 Words   |  6 Pagescomplex interaction between biological and environmental factors (Feinstein, 2003, as cited in Wong, Edwards, 2013). There are multiple factors that occur in early childhood including breastfeeding, parental intelligence and obstetric complications that have been researched to understand the effect that they have on children cognitive development extending into adolescence and adulthood. However, research regarding these variables has been met with several limitations. It will be argued that the qualityRead MoreCause And Effect Of A Family With Coping After Sids961 Words   |  4 PagesBringing home a newborn is an exciting time during a couples’ life. Often, people have their life planned: get married, have a great career, have children, live happy ever after. People do not expect that they will lose their child at such a young age. â€Å"Sudden infant death synd rome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant less than 1 year of age that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and a review of the clinicalRead MoreThe Psychological And Mental Effects Of Fertility1086 Words   |  5 Pages(2005), approximately 10% to 15% of couples would experience infertility in some form. Infertility occurs when a couple tries to have children without any success (Chandra, 2005). Though most cases of infertility can be attributed to physiological factors in one or both partners, it still has a psychological impact on the relationship. The psychological and mental effects of fertility are present in both men and women, but there are options to help a couple get through it. Infertility describes

Thematic Apperception Test Personality Assessment

Thematic Apperception Test for Personality Assessment Karen Y. Long Park University Test and Measurement September 2010 Abstract The history of the Thematic Apperception Test is controversial. This test was published in 1943 and is still widely used today. Being able to look at a photo card as a stimulus for storytelling was a breakthrough for personality testing. This test has its share of controversy as far as reliability, validity and cultural implications. Key words; thematic, validity, reliability, personality. Thematic Apperception Test for Personality Assessment Personality test has been around for over a century and new ones are still being produced. Two of the most frequently used personality test is the Rorschach Inkblot†¦show more content†¦Examples of the cards are a girl standing alone looking as if she had been frightened, and a young man and older man standing together with the older man pointing as if making a point or arguing with the younger man. The directions can be modified for children and adults with limited intelligence. The cards are kept faced down until needed. The examiner must record all the responses by hand or machine. In order to get all the nonverbal, you may have to take hand notes. This test is not scored like other test. Keep in mind that there are no right and wrong answers; there is no normative scoring system. Experts who use the test recommend that clinicians obtain background history including personal and medical information from the individuals in order to have a base to go on when evaluating the test. The original scoring system by Murray is deemed time-consuming and cumbersome and not used as much today. New scoring systems have been developed that use fewer variables â€Å"for examples, hostility or depression†. These new systems lack comprehensiveness but are good for clinical use. Two of the scoring systems are The Defense Mechanisms Manual (DMM) was developed to use with the TAT. It assesses three defenses: denial (least mature), projection (intermediate), and identification (most mature) as shown in the stories from the cards (The Defense MechanismShow MoreRelatedThe Tat: the Thematic Apperception Test Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pa gesThe TAT: The Thematic Apperception Test Suzette Lamb Argosy University The TAT test was developed in the 1930s by psychologists Henry A. Murray, Christiana D. Morgan and other colleagues at the Harvard Psychological Clinic. The TAT Test or Thematic Apperception Test is a projective psychological test used to explore the unconscious of an individual in order to reveal the underlying parts of personality, internal conflicts, motives and interests. It has been one of the most widely usedRead MoreAssessment And Critique : Thematic Apperception Test1394 Words   |  6 Pages Assessment and Critique: Thematic Apperception Test Brian Kees Oklahoma State University Abstract Assessment and Critique: Thematic Apperception Test General Test The Thematic Apperception Test or TAT was developed during the 1930s by the American psychologist Henry A. Murray and psychoanalyst Christiana D. Morgan at the Harvard Clinic at Harvard University. The TAT is published by Harvard University Press. The cost is $81 per test. The test takes aRead MoreHow Personality Testing Is Used On A Daily Basis822 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality testing is used on a daily basis in all areas of psychology. These tests evaluate and measure traits, values, attitudes, personal identity, and many more aspects of an individual’s personality (Cohen, Swerdlik, Sturman, 2013). Such assessments as the Thematic Apperception Test, Neuroticism, Extroversion, and Openness inventory and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory are instruments, which assist the psychologist in assessing an individual’s personality. The following paper willRead MoreA Study On The Tat982 Words   |  4 Pagespeople in the scene are thinking or feeling. The asses sor uses the themes emerging from the stories produced by the subject to infer personality characteristics about the subject. The TAT is a projective test in that, like the Rorschach test, its assessment of the subject is based on what he or she projects onto the ambiguous images. Therefore, to complete the assessment, each narrative created by a subject must be carefully recorded and analyzed to uncover underlying needs, attitudes, and patternsRead MoreTaking a Look at Personality Testing1387 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality testing allows psychologists to assess and describe an individual’s personality on a systematic and scientific level. Personality testing is used for the assessment of proposed theories, track personality changes, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, diagnose psychological issues and many more things. This essay will demonstrate how objective and projective approaches to personality testing have different results and outcomes, thereby reason why objective is the better form of personalityRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology922 Words   |  4 Pagesquite understan d â€Å"(Freidman, 2012, p. 17). This is the struggle that personality psychology tries to understand, how and to what extent the unconscious forces plays a role in human behavior. It is believed that people are responsible for their own actions. There is a continuous struggle with personality psychology and the comprehension of and to what extent unconscious forces play in human behavior. â€Å"Meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances; if there is any reactionRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality903 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Personality Theories Introduction In psychology, personality can be described as the the patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion unique to an individual, and the ways they interact to help or hinder the adjustment of a person to other people and situations (personality, 2012). Psychologists may make use of idiographic or nomothetic techniques in order to study personality of an individual. Many characteristics of human behavior can be examined while studying ones personality. To putRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Personality Testing1473 Words   |  6 Pagesscientific articles. According to Meyer Kurtz, (2006) in personality testing objectives are â€Å"instruments in which the stimulus is an adjective, proposition, or question that is presented to a person who is required to indicate how accurately it describes his or her personality using a limited set of externally provided response options (true vs. false, yes vs. no, Likert scale, etc.)† (Meyer Kurtz, 2006, pg. 223). Further in objective the t est taker will explain or clarify questions, take into accountRead MorePersonality Assessment Instruments Comparison2681 Words   |  11 PagesPersonality Assessment Instruments Comparison Psych 506 April 16, 2012 Abstract This paper will explore the Myers-Briggs, Thematic Apperception Test, and self-help books for validity, comprehensiveness, applicability, and cultural utility. Evidence of reliability, validity, along with strengths and weaknesses of each instrument are also presented. Despite the controversy surrounding these measures, they continue to be among the most popular psychological assessment tools today. PersonalityRead MoreNeed for Affiliation Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagesneed for affiliation and they desire an optimal balance of time to their self and time spent with others. The pioneering research work of the Harvard Psychological Clinic in the 1930s, summarised in Explorations in Personality, provided the start point for future studies of personality, especially those relating to needs and motives. David C. McClellands and his associates investigations of achievement motivation have particular relevance to the emergence of leadership. McClelland was interested

Public Health And Communicable Diseases Control †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Public Health And Communicable Diseases Control. Answer: Introduction Education and health are very critical in human development. Therefore, the public plays a vital part in ensuring that education is across the community. They have therefore to ensure that the economy is good to ensure equitable distribution. The population should enhance comprehension of health and education on how it can offer assistance to distinguish where mediation should be. The most appropriate method in improving both individual and populace health is through public meetings. A group of global agency conducted a research and demonstrated that those with lower levels of training in health would probably die at a youthful age and would increase risks of poor health in peoples well-being. Broad examine has been directed to comprehend better the variety of routes in which instruction influences well-being. The primary segment in this section exhibits a few discoveries from the writing on the wellbeing results related to education. Most of the problems are seen to affect the mortality, where children die at a very tender age McKenzie, Neiger, Thackeray, (2009) Conclusion This is obvious as instructive fulfillment emphatically influences resulting work possibilities and profit potential. In the second area, interfaces between instruction, business, and pay and their effect on well-being are considered. The wellbeing effects of a few different advantages of training including social and mental assets are moreover investigated. The last area in this part outlines how schools can advance more advantageous situations for both immediate and long-haul wellbeing change Donatelle (2009). References McKenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R. (2009). Health education can also Boone seen as preventive medicine(marcus 2012). Health Education and Health Promotion. Planning, Implementing, Evaluating Health Promotion Programs. (pp. 3-4). 5th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc. Donatelle, R. (2009). Promoting Healthy Behavior Change. Health: The basics. (pp. 4). 8th edition. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Enterprise Leadership for Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise Leadership for Organization and Management. Answer: Introduction to organization and management Enterprise/leadership is referred to initiative or actions that one undertakes by risking his or her investment to set up and run a business venture while management on the other hand can be said to be organizing and coordinating business activities to achieve desired business objectives. Efficiency in enterprises is the act of making the most out of the business resources while effectiveness refers to extend at which business objectives are met or problems solved. In evaluating transformation key/milestones objectives are assessed to find out how the transformation process is progressing. Business disruptors can be evaluated by assessing key sectors of business affected by the business disruptors. (Robbins et al., 2015) Management yesterday and today Management theories influences business management by providing guidelines for effective business practices. The management will make detailed decision based on what the management theory states in its guidelines. These theories have undergone development arising from new business environment that keeps on changing. System theory takes an organization as either open or closed system. Closed system according to the theory cant be affected by the environment while open system is. Globalization of business has changed the way most of the business are managed theoretically and this means managers would have to learn this new ways of managing business. (Robbins et al., 2015) Environment and organizational culture: The constraints Macro refers to external connections to the business, the politics, population and other external factors while Micro refers to internal factors of the business such as the vision and strategy Meso on other hand refers to transactional factors like suppliers and distribution. Weak organizational culture refers to lack of common way of doing things in an organization while strong organizational culture refers to existence of common known way of how things are done in an organization amongst the employee. Leadership of the organization is responsible for instilling culture in an organization. (Robbins et al., 2015) Managing in global environment Parochialism refers to the situation where a person a person only thinks about a small section of the issue instead of the wider scope while Ethno view refers to a situation where an individual beliefs in inherent superiority of his or her ethnic group, while Polycentric view refers to considering other people opinion and accommodating their opinion and finally Geocentric view refers to a company employing people based on qualification and skills regardless of where they come from. Trading blocks refers to a group of countries that have come together to open up their markets to each other. Business can be made global by through use of online marketing and selling. Hofstede and Globe frameworksapply in management because all enterprise must look at the issue of human resource in the right way. (Robbins et al., 2015) Mangers and decision makers The eight steps in decision making, Identification, information gathering, Principles in judging alternatives, Brainstorming, evaluating alternatives, selecting best alternative, execution and Evaluation. While making a decision, the decision should be assessed for errors and biasness by subjecting the decision made on key attributes of the best solution desired. Rational decision making is the preferred way of making decision as it is based on reason as opposed to intuitive which majorly depend on feelings. Programmed decision making is making a decision following certain established way of making a decision while non-programmed way is through determination of the best way forward at the juncture where the decision is to be made. Crisis management refers controlling activities of an organization during a stressful patch while cultural differences is the way different organization conduct themselves. Effective decision making is coming up with a solution that resolve the problem at hand. (Robbins et al., 2015) Managerial controls Power and control refers to influence a manager has in the organization to make binding decision. Steps in control process involves first setting the performance standards, measurement of the real performance, drawing comparisons between real and set performance and finally carrying out analysis of the deviations. Appraisals or performance can be measured through use of KPI that is key performance indicators and balanced scorecard techniques. Contemporary issues refer to activities that are relevant in the present day. The best way to handle them is through use of recent developed techniques because those will be relevant to the issue being addressed. (Robbins et al., 2015) Managing operations Operation management is important because it creates efficiency in business. Value chain refers to activities done by various players to satisfy a customer while value chain is a set of interrelated activities carried out by a company to create a competitive edge in business. (Meier, Sinzig and Mertens, 2005) B2B partnership is where organizations come together to leverage on each others best inventions and strategies. This is most of the time the best way to expand business. Re-inventing the wheel as in coming up with innovations similar to what already exist in the market also has advantages regarding business independence, decision making and not exposing company strategies. Leadership through doing refers to management of the organization doing the same things they are asking junior employees to carry out. (Robbins et al., 2015) Managing Human resources Managing human talent refers to providing a competitive environment for the human talent to make use of his or her talent. Poor people management refers to a situation where the rate of employee turnover is big. This results to the cost of hiring employees being unsustainable and the process of acquiring right talent is expensive due to time and trainings needed for the employee to fully work at the organization. Rules, regulations and policy management refer to the way organization fidelity to its own rules. Hiring refers to the process of talent acquisition while orienting staff refers to showing the new staff or employee around the organization. Keeping human talent refers to the concept of lowering the rate of employee turnover. Downsizing and de-recruitment refers to reducing the number of employees in an organization. (Robbins et al., 2015) Managers as leaders Leadership refers to the act of leading while leaders refer to the people who are leading the organization. Theoretical approaches in the organizations refer to making decision following the laid down theoretical approaches concerning the issue being handled. Power has a role of ensuring everyone in the organization follows what is being said by the leader while power in the in the organization can be derived from appointment on behalf of the shareholders who are the owners of the company. Servant leadership basically refers to a way where managers themselves engage in the actual work in the organization as opposed to only directing the junior employees to do so. Ethical leadership on the other hand refers to showing leadership that respects rights of all the people and is transparent in all the dealings. Succession planning in an organization refers to the act of planning for any impending or imminent exit of any employee especially those higher in the rank by beginning to train a new person to take over before the actual exit. The traits that one needs to develop in preparation for leadership in roles in future include time management, emotional intelligence and people management on top of the required academic and experience skills in the new position. (Robbins et al., 2015) References Meier, M., Sinzig, W. and Mertens, P. (2005).Enterprise management with SAP SEM - business analytics. Berlin: Springer. Robbins, S., Bergman, R., Stagg, I. and Coulter, M. (2015).Management 7. 7th ed. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia.